The subjetct of this lesson is the verb TO BE in Turkish and its conjugation in SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE.
In this conversation the teller talks about his life in Istanbul with his wife.Listen to it carefully and try to memorize new expressions.
" Ben ve eşim şimdi Hilton otelinde kalıyoruz. ben Amerikalıyım. Eşim Avustralyalı. İstanbulda yaşıyoruz,ama evimiz yok.Şimdi otelde kalıyoruz. Bazen Amerikan Konsolosluğu'na gitmek istiyoruz ve danışma memuruna yolu soruyoruz. O, İstanbul'u çok iyi biliyoruz ve bize yardım ediyor. Otel çok temiz ve güzel ama biraz pahalı. Gecesi dörtyüz milyon lira.
Otelin içinde büyük bir lokanta var. Her gün orada yemek yiyoruz. Bir şiş kebap ve patates kızartması çok nefıs. Bazı akşamlar otelin lokantasında yemiyoruz. Başka bir yere gidiyoruz. Hilton Oteli'ne yakın,temiz ve ucuz bir lokanta var.Oraya yürüyerek gidiyoruz ve kebap yiyoruz.
Ben bira içiyorum, eşim meyve suyu içiyor.
Ben Mobil şirketinde çalışıyorum.Eşim çalışmıyor. O ev hanımdır.
Bizim çok Türk arkadaşımız var. Bazen onlarla beraber plaja gidiyoruz ve yüzüyoruz.
Ben ve eşim denizi çok seviyoruz."
Kalmak: To stay
Yaşamak: To live
Bazen: Sometimes
Sormak: To ask
Bilmek: To know
Yardım etmek: To help, to assist - aiutare, assistere
Pahalı: Expensive
Kızartma: Fried
Nefis: Delicious
Şirket: Firm
Özellikle (Bilhassa): especially
Deniz: Sea
Yürüyerek: On feet
Meyve suyu: Fruit juice
Tarif etmek: To describe
Ev hanımı: Housewife
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~GRAMMATICAL NOTES~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
THE VERB "TO BE"
There is no a proper pattern to express the verb "TO BE" ( İMEK) in Turkish as it is in English or other languages. In Turkish the verb TO BE is obtained through suffixes to be attached to a noun, pronoun, adjective or to an interrogative or negative particle.
We will try to better clarify the concept though the following notes.
SIMPLE PRESENT FORM
For the personal pronouns is obtained by adding the following suffixes:
İM - SİN - DUR- İZ - SİNİZ - DİR
Hence
I am : Benim
You are: Sensin
He, She, It is: Odur
We are: Biziz
You are: Sizsiniz
They are: Onlardır.
The form " TO BE" in Turkish can refers also to nouns, adjectives, adverbs and even verbs.
Specific suffixes render the meaning of "TO BE" that, it is good to remember does not exist in Turkish as auxiliary.
These suffixes also known as PREDICATE ENFATIC FORM are used mostly in formal speech, newspaper reporting and are used in 3rd person singular or plural.
Suffixes attachment to the terms goes by the vowel harmony rule.
Lets see them in detail.
CHART OF TO BE FOR PRONOUNS AND NOUNS IN AFFIRMATIVE FORM
The suffixes in red render the meaning of "TO BE" to pronouns
I am: Ben + m: BENİM
You are: Sen + sin: SENSİN
He,she, it is: O + dur ODUR
We are: Biz + iz BİZİZ
You are: Siz + siniz SİZSİNİZ
They are: Onlar + dir ONLARDIR
Bearing in mind the vowel harmony rule, in case of NOUNS, ADJECTIVES, ADVERBS these suffixes change in accordance with the dominant (final) vowel.
Hence the chart in this case will the following:
Dominant (final) vowel: i or e
Suffixes rendering the meaning of TO BE: the same as personal pronouns (see above)
As a general rule a "y" is to be added between the suffix and the last letter if vowel for the 1st singular person and the 1st plural person.
Examples:
I am a turist: (Ben) turist + im Turistim
I am a journalist: (Ben) gazeteci + (y) + im Gazeteciyim
Dominant (final) vowel: ö or ü
Suffıx rendering the meaning of TO BE are the following:
1st person singular: (y) üm
2nd person sıngular: ün
3rd person sıngular: dür
1st person plural: (y) üz
2nd person plural: sünüz
3rd person plural: dür
Examples:
I am a director: Müdürüyüm
They are directors: Müdürler(dür) in this case the suffix can be omitted
Dominant (final) vowel: o or u
Suffıx rendering the meaning of TO BE are the following:
1st person singular: (y) um
2nd person sıngular: un
3rd person sıngular: dur
1st person plural: (y) uz
2nd person plural: sunuz
3rd person plural: dur
Examples:
I am a doctor: ( Ben) Doktorum
Dominant (final) vowel: a or ı
Suffıx rendering the meaning of TO BE are the following:
1st person singular: (y) ım
2nd person sıngular: ın
3rd person sıngular: dır
1st person plural: (y) ız
2nd person plural: sınız
3rd person plural: dır
I am Italian: Italyanım
They are Amerıcan: Amerikanlardır
As already hinted in Turkish the meaning of TO BE can be rendered by some specific suffixes.
They can be attached to nouns, adjectives, adverbs and even to verbs and are known as PREDICATE ENFATIC SUFFIXES.
We will go into more details in the next lessons.
Let's now focus on their use while attached to nouns, adverbs and adjectives.
Bearing in mind the rule of vowel and consonantic harmony, the chart of the suffixes is the following:
Dominant (final) vowel: e or i
Suffix to be attached: -Dir
Final consonants : s, ş, k, t, p, h, ç (final vowel e or i)
Suffix to be attached: -Tir
Examples:
Ev: Evdir (house)
Börek: Börektir
Dominant (final) vowel: ö or ü
Suffix to be attached: -Dür
Final consonant : s, ş, k, t, p, h, ç (final vowel ö or ü)
Suffix to be attached: -Tür
Examples:
Likör: Likördür (liquor)
Ölmüş: Ölmüştür ( dead)
Dominant (final) vowel: o or u
Suffix to be attached: -Dur
Final consonants : s, ş, k, t, p, h, ç (final vowel o or u)
Suffix to be attached: -Tur
Examples:
Doktor: Doktordur
Dolmuş: Dolmuştur ( collective taxi)
Dominant (final) vowel: a or ı
Suffix to be attached: -Dır
Final consonants : s, ş, k, t, p, h, ç (final vowel a or ı)
Suffix to be attached: -Tır
Examples:
Para: Paradır (money)
Çorap: Çoraptır (socks)
O, İstanbul'u çok iyi biliyoruz ve bize yardım ediyor. I SEE A MISTAKE HERE. IT SHOULD BE 'BILIYOR'.
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