In this lesson we will focus on the Conditional Tense in Turkish and its different forms.
Listen to the following conversation and pick the verbs in conditional tense (in red).
"Ablam evde yok mu Leyla? Nerede?
Bir arkadaşi ile sinemaya gitti.
Hangi sinemaya gittiler? Biliyormusun?
Kent sineması'na.
Ne zaman gittiler?
Biraz önce gittiler.Çabuk gidersen köşede yakalarsın.
Kaç dakika oldu?
On dakika kadar oldu.
Yakın bir sinema olsaydı giderdim.
Dolmuşla gidersen belki sinemanın önünde onları görürsün."
VOCABULARY/SÖZLÜK
Sinemanın önünde: in front of the cinema
Belki: Perhaps
GRAMMAR NOTES
As you all know, In English the Conditional Tenses are introduced by a little word: if
In Turkish conditional - if - sentences are often introduced with the word -eğer - if or less commonly - şayet - lest, unless In Turkish these words are pointers alerting the listener that a Condition and Result are following.
A simple example is - var - there is, there are - which becomes varsa - if there is, if there are - with the addition of the -sa Conditional Suffix.
The negative of course is based on: yok- there isn't, there aren't - which becomes: yoksa - if there isn't, if there aren't
Paranız varsa bana verin.- If you have (any) money (then) give it to me.
Bir araç yoksa burada kalalım. - If there isn't a vehicle (then) let's stay here.
The Conditional Tenses are formed by adding the Conditional Personal endings to the -(y)se- or -(y)sa- suffix to the verb in any suitable tense or mood. The mark of the Conditional Suffix follows Vowel Harmony Rules, therefore there are two forms -se or -sa to choose from. Some examples in differing Tenses and Moods are shown below to prove how Vowel Harmony affects the -se, -sa Conditional Suffix.
Personal suffixes will follow and be attached to the conditional suffixes.
Look at the following examples and study them carefully:
If I- (verb)+sem or -sam example yaparsam - if I do
If you-(verb)+ sen or -san example giriyorsan - if you are entering
If he-(verb)+ se or -sa example kesilecekse - if it will be cut, if it is to be cut
[In our example above the verb is in its passive form - kesilmek- to be cut - from - kesmek - to cut]
If we-(verb)+ sek or -sak example anlaşmıyorsak - if we are not agreeing
If you-(verb)+ seniz or -saniz example mutlu olmayacaksanız - if you will not be happy
If they-(verb)+ seler or -salar example gelebilecekseler- if they will be able to come.
Gelmek: To go
Erken varırsanız, beklemelisiniz. - If you arrive early, you will have to wait.
Erken varırsanız, beklersiniz. - If you arrive early, you would have to wait.
Erken varsaydınız, bekleyecektiniz. - If you had arrived early, you would have had to wait.
Sana yardım edebilirlerse, yardım edecekler. - They will help you if they can.
Sana yardım etseler, yardım ederler. - They would help you if they could.
Sana yardım edebilseydiler, (yardım) ederlerdi. - [or edeceklerdi] -They would have helped you if they could have.
Fazla içersen sarhoş olursun. - If you drink too much you get drunk.
Çok çalışmazsan, sınavı geçemeyeceksin - Unless you work hard you will not be able to pass your test.
Sigara içmeyi bırakırsan, daha uzun yaşarsın. - If you stop smoking you will live longer.
Yağmur yağmasaydı dışarı çıkacaktık. - We would have gone out if it had stopped raining.
Eğer buradan gitseydim sana yazardım. - If I had gone away, I would have written to you.
Listen to the following conversation and pick the verbs in conditional tense (in red).
"Ablam evde yok mu Leyla? Nerede?
Bir arkadaşi ile sinemaya gitti.
Hangi sinemaya gittiler? Biliyormusun?
Kent sineması'na.
Ne zaman gittiler?
Biraz önce gittiler.Çabuk gidersen köşede yakalarsın.
Kaç dakika oldu?
On dakika kadar oldu.
Yakın bir sinema olsaydı giderdim.
Dolmuşla gidersen belki sinemanın önünde onları görürsün."
VOCABULARY/SÖZLÜK
Sinemanın önünde: in front of the cinema
Belki: Perhaps
GRAMMAR NOTES
As you all know, In English the Conditional Tenses are introduced by a little word: if
In Turkish conditional - if - sentences are often introduced with the word -eğer - if or less commonly - şayet - lest, unless In Turkish these words are pointers alerting the listener that a Condition and Result are following.
The Conditional Suffixes.
The Turkish Conditional is characterized by the suffix -se- or -sa- (according to Vowel Harmony rules).A simple example is - var - there is, there are - which becomes varsa - if there is, if there are - with the addition of the -sa Conditional Suffix.
The negative of course is based on: yok- there isn't, there aren't - which becomes: yoksa - if there isn't, if there aren't
Paranız varsa bana verin.- If you have (any) money (then) give it to me.
Bir araç yoksa burada kalalım. - If there isn't a vehicle (then) let's stay here.
The Conditional Tenses are formed by adding the Conditional Personal endings to the -(y)se- or -(y)sa- suffix to the verb in any suitable tense or mood. The mark of the Conditional Suffix follows Vowel Harmony Rules, therefore there are two forms -se or -sa to choose from. Some examples in differing Tenses and Moods are shown below to prove how Vowel Harmony affects the -se, -sa Conditional Suffix.
Personal suffixes will follow and be attached to the conditional suffixes.
Look at the following examples and study them carefully:
If I- (verb)+sem or -sam example yaparsam - if I do
If you-(verb)+ sen or -san example giriyorsan - if you are entering
If he-(verb)+ se or -sa example kesilecekse - if it will be cut, if it is to be cut
[In our example above the verb is in its passive form - kesilmek- to be cut - from - kesmek - to cut]
If we-(verb)+ sek or -sak example anlaşmıyorsak - if we are not agreeing
If you-(verb)+ seniz or -saniz example mutlu olmayacaksanız - if you will not be happy
If they-(verb)+ seler or -salar example gelebilecekseler- if they will be able to come.
Let's see now the table of conjugation of the Conditonal tense:
| The Simple Present Conditional | The Present Continuous Conditional | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| gelsem | If I come | geliyorsam | If I am coming |
| yazsan | If you write | yazmıyorsan | If you are not writing |
| gülse | If he laughs | gülecekse | If he will laugh |
| içsek | If we drink | içiyorsak | If we are drinking |
| görebilirseniz | If you can see | görmüyorsanız | If you are not seeing |
| yapıyorsalar | If they are doing | yapabilirseler | If they can do |
The Conditional Positive
Here are some examples of the main tenses in use of gelmek - to come - and - gelmemek - not to come| Simple Actual Conditional | |
|---|---|
| gelsem | if I were to come |
| gelsen | if you were to come |
| gelse | if he were to comes |
| gelsek | if we usually come |
| gelseniz | if you were to come |
| gelseler | if they were to come |
Present Continuous | |
|---|---|
| geliyorsam | if I am coming |
| geliyorsan | if you are coming |
| geliyorsa | if he is coming |
| geliyorsak | if we coming |
| geliyorsanız | if you are coming |
| geliyorsalar | if they are coming |
Simple Habitual | |
|---|---|
| gelirsem | if I (usually) come |
| gelirsen | if you (usually) come |
| gelirse | if he (usually) comes |
| gelirsek | if we (usually) come |
| gelirseniz | if you (usually) come |
| gelirseler | if they (usually) come |
Future Intention | |
|---|---|
| geleceksem | if I (will) come |
| geleceksen | if you (will) come |
| gelecekse | if he (will) come |
| geleceksek | if we (will) come |
| gelecekseniz | if you (will) come |
| gelecekseler | if they (will) come |
Past Reality | |
|---|---|
| geldiysem | if I came |
| geldiysen | if you came |
| geldiyse | if he came |
| geldiysek | if we came |
| geldiyseniz | if you came |
| geldiyseler | if they came |
Past Unreality
| |
|---|---|
| gelseydim | If only I had come |
| gelseydin | If only had come |
| gelseydi | If only had come |
| gelseydik | If only we had come |
| gelseydiniz | If only you had come |
| gelseydiler | If only they had come |
Conditional Negative Tenses
Negative Simple Actual Conditional | |
|---|---|
| gelmesem | if I were not to come |
| gelmesen | if you were not to come |
| gelmese | if he were to not comes |
| gelmesek | if we usually do not come |
| gelmeseniz | if you were not to come |
| gelmeseler | if they were not to come |
Negative Present Continuous Conditional | |
|---|---|
| gelmiyorsam | if I am not coming |
| gelmiyorsan | if you are not coming |
| gelmiyorsa | if he is not coming |
| gelmiyorsak | if we are not coming |
| gelmiyorsanız | if you are not coming |
| gelmiyorsalar | if they are not coming |
Negative Simple Habitual Conditional | |
|---|---|
| gelmezsem | if I (usually) do not come |
| gelmezsen | if you (usually) do not come |
| gelmezse | if he (usually) do not comes |
| gelmezsek | if we (usually) do not come |
| gelmezseniz | if you (usually) do not come |
| gelmezseler | if they (usually) do not come |
Negative Future Conditional
| |
|---|---|
| gelmeyeceksem | if I (will) not come |
| gelmeyeceksen | if you (will) not come |
| gelmeyecekse | if he (will) not come |
| gelmeyeceksek | if we (will) not come |
| gelmeyecekseniz | if you (will) not come |
| gelmeyecekseler | if they (will) not come |
Negative Past Real Conditional
| |
|---|---|
| gelmediysem | if I had not come |
| gelmediysen | if you had not come |
| gelmediyse | if he had not come |
| gelmediysek | if we had not come |
| gelmediyseniz | if you had not come |
| gelmediyseler | if they had not come |
Negative Past Unreal Conditional
| |
|---|---|
| gelmeseydim | If only I had not come |
| gelmeseydin | If only you had not come |
| gelmeseydi | If only he had not come |
| gelmeseydik | If only we had not come |
| gelmeseydiniz | If only you not had come |
| gelmeseydiler | If only they had not come |
Examples in other tenses
There are other tense form (such as the Inferential Tense) which are used in conditional sentences and one should learn to recognize the -se- or -sa- form of the verbal suffix to realize that the conditional - if - should be used.Erken varırsanız, beklemelisiniz. - If you arrive early, you will have to wait.
Erken varırsanız, beklersiniz. - If you arrive early, you would have to wait.
Erken varsaydınız, bekleyecektiniz. - If you had arrived early, you would have had to wait.
Sana yardım edebilirlerse, yardım edecekler. - They will help you if they can.
Sana yardım etseler, yardım ederler. - They would help you if they could.
Sana yardım edebilseydiler, (yardım) ederlerdi. - [or edeceklerdi] -They would have helped you if they could have.
Fazla içersen sarhoş olursun. - If you drink too much you get drunk.
Çok çalışmazsan, sınavı geçemeyeceksin - Unless you work hard you will not be able to pass your test.
Sigara içmeyi bırakırsan, daha uzun yaşarsın. - If you stop smoking you will live longer.
Yağmur yağmasaydı dışarı çıkacaktık. - We would have gone out if it had stopped raining.
Eğer buradan gitseydim sana yazardım. - If I had gone away, I would have written to you.
No comments:
Post a Comment